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The Grande Médaille of the French Academy of Sciences, established in 1997, is awarded annually to a researcher who has contributed decisively to the development of science. It is the most prestigious of the Academy's awards, and is awarded in a different field each year. Its creation results from the combination of the original French Academy of Sciences Lalande Prize of 1802 with the Benjamin Valz Foundation Prize in 1970 and then with another 122 foundation prizes in 1997.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.academie-sciences.fr/fr/Prix-et-medailles/grande-medaille.html )〕〔(Liste des 143 fondations ).〕 ==Winners== * 2014 - Joel Lebowitz, physics and mathematics 〔(Grand Medal 2014 )〕 * 2013 - Joan A. Steitz, biochemistry 〔(Grand Medal 2013 )〕 * 2012 - Adi Shamir, cryptography * 2011 - Avelino Corma Canos, chemistry 〔(Grand Medal 2011 )〕 * 2010 - Michael Atiyah, mathematics * 2009 - Robert Weinberg, cancer research * 2008 - Susan Solomon, atmospheric chemistry * 2007 - Tomas Hökfelt, who studied neurotransmitters, and discovered their role in depression * 2006 - Peter Goldreich, theoretical astrophysicist and planetary scientist * 2005 - Ronald M. Evans, studied hormone receptors and the control of gene expression * 2004 - David Gross, one of the founders of quantum chromodynamics and the standard model * 2003 - David Sabatini, early inventor of electron microscopy techniques for cellular biology, discoverer of signalling peptides * 2002 - Richard Garwin, discovered parity violation in pion decay * 2001 - Albert Eschenmoser, organic chemistry * 2000 - Robert Langlands, mathematics * 1999 - Rene Thomas, molecular biology * 1998 - Leo Kadanoff, physics * 1997 - Jozef Schell, molecular biology of plants 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grande Médaille」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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